It is certainly nothing at all to do with a serious critique of the monumental History of Soviet Russia itself. In Foundations, Volume I, p. 128, he gives up: ‘Not only could no agreement be reached on the nomenclature of the different groups, and on the vital question of which groups were increasing or diminishing, but the criteria of classification themselves were the subject of a long-standing dispute.’ In other words, a man who had made a great reputation as a scholar of the Soviet world has nothing to say on the central issue. He should have recognised that ‘the heart of the peasant problem’ lay in its family and communal arrangements. London: Macmillan Press, 1979. Our account goes something like this. Even if Carr had never taught or spoken to a single student, his writings alone would have made him, as they have, an influence second to none in the study of Soviet history. What ‘pressure’ did or could ‘it’ put on him? B Ey. Davies won’t hold water, as even a glance at Volume I of Socialism in one Country should confirm. By 1929, the Politburo had a Stalinist majority of two-thirds (against the ‘Right deviation’ men, Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky). vii + 276. He was 90 years old. JAMES G. CARR passed away 2020-11-21 in This is the full obituary story where you can express condolences and share memories. In one of his reviews, Carr states that the chief reform occurred in 1908: it came, in fact, in 1906. The Civil War is won in Volume I, but the Red Army is discussed – even then, mainly theoretically – only in the sixth volume. This lack of concern with the late-Tsarist world makes Carr’s Revolution extremely bewildering. It is, in the least honourable traditions of British intellectual politics, a cynical and mean-spirited hatchet job on a major committed intellectual whose reputation (much to the annoyance of his more conservative colleagues) extends far beyond the boundaries of the intellectual Left. It is, of course, a matter of opinion; so is Carr’s style, which strikes me, and many others, as a grim and plodding degeneration from his good days in the Thirties. Everette's Obituary . There are many other errors of detail in Stone’s article. CAMBRIDGE — Harold E. Carr Jr., 80, of Cambridge, MD passed away on Monday, February 22, 2016 at Mallard Bay Care Center. 1939 - 2018. Sometimes various parts of the opposition would attempt to construct a shaky alliance, whether over agricultural policy, or over nationality questions. When Carr was undertaking the bulk of his work, facilities for such research were closed to foreign scholars. At Cambridge, he excelled as a Classicist (he won the Porson Prize, and with it bought a set of Macaulay) and proceeded to the Foreign Office in the middle of the First World War, escaping conscription for reasons, apparently, of health. London Review of Books He learnt Russian, and would wander round the second-hand bookshops in search of Russian literature. It is also true that the History’s view of socialist construction is mainly an administrative one, though one which is carefully informed by a detailed grasp of socioeconomic determinations. SIR: I met E.H. Carr (who was 40 years my senior) fairly frequently between the mid-Fifties and the mid-Seventies. It cannot be doubted where the choice will lie.’ Hardly the voice of appeasement in 1940. Stone also says that Carr evaded the question of collectivisation, which is extraordinary given the contents of Volume I of Foundations of a Planned Economy (11 chapters, almost 300 pages of agriculture, quite apart from the concluding contextual discussion of the Five-Year Plan). His early books, in the Thirties, concerned Dostoevsky, Bakunin and Herzen, who interested him, he said, because they represented a world so far removed from that of his four-square Anglo-Saxon, practical and liberal upbringing. Obviously, he did not keep abreast of scholarship in the pre-Revolutionary field. These have, of course, to do with the Russian Revolution and Carr’s contribution to our understanding of the Soviet Union, and indeed Stone devotes about two-thirds of his space to a discursive attack on Carr’s multi-volume History. He has merely listed some of the factors involved in that collapse. The nearest he comes to a conclusion is tucked away, characteristically, towards the end (p. 419 ff.) He spent his childhood and school years in the family home of which the spinster aunt formed part, for more than twenty years, where indeed I met her. Candle. As early as 1924 the Soviet Union had already begun to import grain in normal times. [email protected] Pp. Stone implies that Carr did not know that Ukrainian agriculture differed on the East and West banks of the Dniepr. But there is no evidence for Stone’s assertion that in 1940 he ‘would certainly have preferred to make peace with Hitler had it been possible’. St Antony’s turned him down. Born in Acushnet, a daughter of the late Joseph and Lillian Mary (LeBeau) DeMello, she was a resident of South Dartmouth for the past 63 years. They have, though with difficulty, done so in other Communist countries; equally, in other Communist countries, collectivisation does not appear to have been the disaster it has clearly proved to be in the Soviet Union. The Twenty Years’ Crisis is assuredly a classic, even the classic work in the subject, and generations of students have profited from this and other books characterised by his brilliant, analytical mind. His attitude on the nationalities question can almost be described as one of hatred. He makes the ridiculous assertion that it was my collaboration with Carr on Foundations which ‘saved Carr’s book from going to bits’. He honorably served his country in the Air Force. The basis of my own accusations as to his ignorance of the Ukraine lay in Socialism in One Country, I, 214, where we hear that in the Ukraine the commune ‘was obsolescent, since the Stolypin reform had made far greater progress here than elsewhere’. His rivals were not nearly so good at this game, and by autumn 1923 they were afraid of the future (Zinoviev summoned a secret meeting in a cave near Kislovodsk, and resolved not to let Stalin’s men have their way on so many committees: Stalin responded by inviting Zinoviev to sit on a committee or two, and then arranged to have the committee discuss the most dreary agenda imaginable). https://oneillhayes.com/tribute/details/1342/Louise-Carr/obituary.html On the one hand, he was clearly the most distinguished candidate. ix+ 193. It is rather to draw attention to the essentially rhetorical technique of Stone’s enterprise. The obituary was featured in … View ceremony time and location and leave condolences here. The two parts of Volume III of Foundations (1976) are largely about various Communist Parties of the world, and the whole job could have been done far more simply if Carr had retained the conciseness he had displayed so well in the past. 2, p. 210). Obituary. We are neither of us competent to comment on the merits of the criticism in that article on our father’s work, but we both have knowledge of E.H. Carr’s early life and upbringing, as well as the period during which we were still both at home. John le Carré, who has died aged 89, was one of the most successful post-war English novelists, and perhaps the finest thriller writer of the 20th century. International Relations between the World Wars, first published in 1937 (under a different title), is a very useful little work if you want to look up, say, the details of Reparations. She went on to receive her certification in nursing and worked many years at Deerpark Nursing Home. In the days of Times Literary Supplement anonymity Carr saw to it that he himself, Isaac Deutscher and, where needed, the wife of the Moscow journalist, Victor Louis, were employed as reviewers. Services & Gatherings. If necessary, a footnote in some future PhD thesis can confirm that my indignation at Stone’s libel on Carr is not due to modesty or loyalty. There is no doubt that he regarded the industrial achievements of the Five Year Plans as tremendous. She was born September 29, 1952 at Nellis, Norman Stone writes: I am sorry that my version of Carr’s first divorce was inaccurate and glad that the correction has been made. Stone’s hostility to Carr has utterly warped his judgment. Shortly after the death in 1982 of his patron and mentor in Cambridge, EH Carr, ... Letter: Norman Stone obituary. But it would hardly improve our understanding to follow Stone’s naive approach of seizing on one of his ‘three ways of looking at’ the problem as the primary explanation. How much broader could the scope have been? It is clear that Carr was out of his depth. SIR: My half-brother and I have both read the review of the works of our father, the late E.H. Carr, by Norman Stone in this week’s edition of your journal (LRB, 10 January). I am nearly tempted to exclaim that no more useless set of volumes has ever masquerade as a classic. In this period, he seems to have lost his immediate concern with Russia: instead, he became primarily interested in Germany, and in his book, The Twenty Years’ Crisis (1939, once more published with a different title), he argued the case for an accommodation with Hitler. In the end Stone is probably right in one of his general assessments: the work ‘is really to be seen as a study of how Great Power is made out of revolutionary origins’. Policy Studies Unit, SW1. Inscribed in that relationship was the castastrophic grandeur of the Russian Revolution, and E.H. Carr renders this more powerfully accessible than most other published works we know. Stone seems to believe that an honest historian should adopt a straightforward unambiguous attitude to these great events and stick to it. Insofar as my function differed from Carr’s, it had entirely the opposite effect. Like so many pro-Soviet people of his vintage, he had experienced Edwardian Progressivism. In the long run, we are satisfied that the virtues of Carr and his work – their own grandeur, in fact – will easily survive attempts such as Stone’s to besmirch them. Funeral services for the immediate […] It described the life and tribulations of various Russian exiles in Western Europe in the mid-19th century, and the book’s centre-piece is a description of the messy love-affair between Alexander Herzen’s wife and the German revolutionary poet, Herwegh. London: Macmillan Press, 1980. How did Stalin achieve this? ‘Where did all those votes come from?’ Stone asks, oblivious of the fact that the volume in question deals largely with the economy and the pages cited with agriculture. The problem is to interrelate them. The Kronstadt mutiny of 1921, when the makers of the Revolution revolted against its inheritors, suffered thousands of casualties, and caused a dramatic reversal of Soviet policies (NEP, at the Tenth Congress in spring 1921), is dismissed in two half-sentences. I, p. 289, and Foundations of a Planned Economy, Vol. Jeffrey Carr passed away 2020-11-13 in EDDINGTON, Maine. I, p. 143). The most he can offer is ‘it was the chief shortcoming of Lenin as a statesman that he never really faced the problem of large-scale administration in modern society.’ Stalin’s Secretariat became ‘all-important’, given ‘the weakness of the human material available’. He was very mean (it is said). Christopher's Obituary. The family was quite prosperous, and Carr went to Merchant Taylor’s, where he shone. Rachel Kelly As a reviewer, Carr was sometimes just and never fair. It did not occur to Carr until his fifth volume, the first of Socialism in One Country, that he should even bother to discuss the relationship of Russian past to Bolshevik present. 244 F & A M, and Scottish Rite. It is said that they farmed him out to live with an aunt, one of these sad Edwardian spinster-dependents. Whatever the judgment of his work in the 21st century, it is rather unlikely to be like Stone’s. Share Obituary: John E. Carr. It was again characteristic of Carr that he owed the appointment to the pressure of men like Kitson Clark and Michal Vyvyan, with whom he subsequently had frosty relations (or none at all). For it is clear that the exercise has little to do with any genuine evaluation of Carr’s career, his historiographical achievement, or his place in 20th-century British intellectual history. In reality, the character of the Ukraine was divided by the River Dniepr. I find his remarks exceedingly confused and even in places elementary (Revolution II, Socialism I p. 99 ff. Something strange was happening at ‘grass-roots’ level, and Carr has nothing of substance to say about this. I had situated Carr’s conversion from Hitler to Stalin around January 1942, and accept the correction that it occurred earlier. Stone stigmatises Carr as ‘something of a coward’. and Foundations I, p. 106 ff.). London, WC1A 2HN He defeated the ‘Right deviation’ in 1929 by well over three hundred votes to 13 in a joint meeting of the Central Committee and the Control Commission. Find the obituary of Charles Carr (1934 - 2008) from Erial, NJ. To back his claim that ‘opposition is seldom considered’ by Carr, he cites Carr’s ‘cursory treatment’ of the 1920 peasant rebellions in Tambov. In the middle of writing his work, Carr came under the influence of Isaac Deutscher. His Revolution is very much the story of the Bolsheviks. Here Stone is mainly criticising the volumes on which Carr and I collaborated, so I will comment in a little more detail. He used it to write extensively on international affairs; during the war, he combined it with other occupations, first back at Whitehall, and then as assistant editor of the Times, of which he might have become editor if Barrington-Ward had had his way. Peasant farming in the 1920s was backward, with low yields and low labour productivity. Carr was not required to pronounce on collectivisation. Geoff Eley, University of MichiganWilliam Rosenberg, University of MichiganMoshe Lewin, University of PennsylvaniaRonald Suny, University of Michigan. From Napoleon to Stalin and Other Essays. The only thing to do was to go to the opera with local big-wigs and Russian émigrés which gave him, he said, a lasting hatred of opera. If they do not always have the impact that they did, it is because many of Carr’s ideas have won universal acceptance, and one needs to go back to the thought-world of the mid-Thirties fully to understand the magnitude of Carr’s achievement. He has caused distress to the family. E.H CARR Edward Hallett Carr's contribution to the study of Soviet history is widely regarded as highly distinguished. In general, the volumes of Carr’s History on the Comintern and on foreign policy strike me as the best, though they are often long-winded. Preobrazhensky seriously suggested that ‘bee-keeping and poultry-raising’ should be taxed. He also knew, met and corresponded with many of the émigrés he is accused of ignoring. That was dismissed as ‘fantastic’. Services & Gatherings. He used these in footnotes, and Carr’s review responded: it went on and on about how documents were not to be taken literally, and how junior officials were so junior that it was a mistake even to mention their opinions. Carr does not leave himself open to the kind of demolition-job that Leopold Labedz did on Deutscher.3 He never quite said what he meant. It was not the last act of cruelty which Carr was to perform. Carr is silent. The origins of the Stalinist colossus were of very wide interest. SIR: I am grateful to Professor Davies (Letters, 17 February) for his spirited defence of his collaborator, and greatly regret that I am crossing swords with him. It is a cruel and rather depressing work, and you end up feeling rather sorry for Natalie Herzen, the butt of Carr’s knowing asides. Randy retired from Country Mark Oil Company as a Manager after 41 years But otherwise, Stone’s article is a mélange of inaccuracy and uncontrolled prejudice. The implication of this is, of course, that Russia ‘needed’ Stalin. She was born on December 27, 1925, to James Samuel "Sam" and Caroline "Callie" Waller Chewning Harris in Richmond, VA. She and Dr. Arthur Allen Carr made their home in … It was a major grain area, and Carr clearly explained its specific features. She adored him; she even learned Latin so as to help him with his homework. He was preceded in death by his wife, Mary Ellen (Montrella) Carr, on February 14, 2006. As it was, from the mathematical spirit he took a quality not so much of abstraction as of autism, which was carried over in his historical work. It began with a three-volume study of The Bolshevik Revolution (1950-1953), continued with The Interregnum (1954), and proceeded to Socialism in One Country (three volumes), Foundations of a Planned Economy (three volumes), and, this year, The Twilight of the Comintern. Edward Carr Is Dead; Key British Historian. The relationship began with Carr (still at Balliol) agreeing to see me to discuss my Cambridge PhD thesis on the early German Social Democrats. The immediate crisis of 1916-17 is skipped over until Volume II, when it receives not much more than a page or two. Given the imposing dimensions of the History as it eventually took shape (stigmatised by Stone as ‘gigantomania’), it hardly seems reasonable to demand a detailed treatment of the period before 1917. He had also had a very wide experience of life, for he had been a diplomat and a journalist (assistant editor of the Times) as well as an academic. He continued to give generous advice as I completed it; introduced me to other specialists, to my great benefit; acted as a sympathetic examiner when the thesis was submitted (although he was very far from being in personal agreement with my approach or conclusions); recommended the work for publication by the Cambridge University Press, and me for a lectureship in his old department in Aberystwyth; continued to exchange arguments about many subjects (including Soviet-German relations in the Twenties, while I was working in this field); entertained me several times at the High Table at Trinity (what can one say of Stone’s ‘he was also, it is said, very mean’? Mementos. Is ‘the Left’ a synonym for the official position of Soviet orthodoxy – whatever that might signify – which, by means of a familiar smear, is implied to be the position of which all the disputing schools of the Marxist and non-Marxist Left are somehow variants? Moreover, Stone’s jibe is as irrelevant as it is inaccurate. Balliol did give him employment in the early 1950s, although he was a college lecturer, rather than a full Fellow, and was expected to do a huge amount of teaching. I also do not quite trust Carr’s account of the Trotsky-Stalin rivalry, so far as readers can disinter it from the crennellated prose in which it is entombed. Opposition is seldom considered. She was the wife of the late Roger Carr. Obituary. H. Carr. True, after that time the record of political decisions at the centre becomes impossible to read (although of late rather more information has been coming through). went home to be with his Saviour on Sunday morning January 21, 2018 with his family by his side. He reproves Carr for dismissing the Stolypin reform ‘in a few sentences’, but Carr has over three pages on the reform in the History (Bolshevik Revolution, Vol. But, in any case, a blow-by-blow refutation of Stone’s finely calculated invective would be somewhat beside the point. Pp. Carr’s inability to decide this makes his Interregnum the most impenetrable of all of his volumes. Among ourselves we may differ in our interpretations of Leninism, Stalinism and, indeed, the whole Soviet phenomenon, but we feel ‘tempted to exclaim that no more useless’ diatribe has ever masqueraded as a review. With the unimpassioned skill of a surgeon, he laid bare the anatomy of the recent past... beyond doubt he left a strong mark on successive generations of historians and social thinkers.' In his interview with the New Left Review, he praises the Bolsheviks for their ‘achievement’ of industrial modernisation, and asks: ‘Who, before 1917, could have predicted this?’ The answer to that is everyone. The style of the book is frequently clogged and pompous; in places, there are elementary errors of presentation, as in Interregnum, p. 308 f., where a chapter opens with a paragraph that goes on for almost two pages. Curtis was born August 1, 1981 in Parkersburg, WV, a son of Terry and Debra (Farr) Carr… Carr’s own work concerned the origins of the Stalinist apparatus that was able to carry out such a feat. He was born November 24, 1954 in Evansville, IN to the late, James Robert Bob and Beulah Essary Carr. I have never trusted the Deutscher biography of Trotsky, which has always struck me as a tendentious piece of disguised autobiography with, it is said, a good bit of faulty scholarship. Now buried amidst the general unfairness there are some useful observations – e.g. On each occasion, the opposition would try to collect votes, and in the case of Zinoviev and Kamenev they could muster the powerful parties of Leningrad and Moscow. Norman Stone Patricia Carr's passing at the age of 88 on Wednesday, December 16, 2020 has been publicly announced by Farmville Funeral Home in Farmville, NC .Legacy invites you to offer condolences and share memor He was a wrecker of personal relationships (it is said). To read Carr, you might think that Stalin invented them. WINIFRED WALKER CARR passed away 2020-03-20 in This is the full obituary story where you can express condolences and share memories. HARRY EVERETT CARR - age 83, of Knoxville, passed away Wednesday, October 5, 2016 at his home. We spent many months going through every chapter and every sentence together, and in this exacting revision Carr’s ability to distinguish what was important in the clutter of detail was of enormous value. In, passed away on November 28, 2020 at 3:30 PM est receive her certification nursing... The extraordinary pioneering quality of the profession east of the Oxford Chair of relations! 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